An introduction to the study of organic chemistry - Adolf Pinner, Paperback

• Release Date   6/27/2012
• ISBN-13   9781236538383 | 978-1-236-53838-3
• ISBN   1236538382 | 1-236-53838-2
• Format   Paperback
• Author(s)   Adolf Pinner
• This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1884 edition. Excerpt: ... sulphuric acids, so that the nitro-and sulphonic acid derivatives can be obtained by direct action. The only fatty compounds acted on by nitric and sulphuric acids are the alcohols, and the products are esters. The difference between the nitro-and sulphonic acid compounds and the esters lies in the carbon and sulphur being bound directly with the carbon in the former, while in the latter they are not bound directly, but linked by means of oxygen: C2H5OH + SO, = S08(gH5 + H20 Ethyl alcohol Sulphuric acid Ethyl sulphuric acid C6H6 + S02(g = SOgjj11 + H20-Benzene Sulphuric acid Benzene sulphonic acid 2 C2H5OH + SO,(gg = SO,gggj + 2 H20 Ethyl sulphuric ester NITRO COMPOUNDS.--SULPHOHIC ACIDS. 199 OH _ Qa /CcHe 2 0.H, + SO8§ = SO,.g.+2HiO Sulphobenzide O.H.OH + N02OH = NO,-O:0,H, + H30 2 5 i Ethyl nitric ester 0,H, + N02OH = N08-C6H6 + H,0. 6 b Nitrobenzene The difference between the nitro-and sulphonic acid compounds, and the nitrous and sulphurous esters isomeric with them, appears plainly m the products which are formed by their reduction with nascent hydrogen. N-CH3 isomeric with 0=N-CTCH3. Both are CH3N02. Methyl nitrous ester Nitrome thane HCTS-CHa isomeric with CH3-(rS-H. Both are CH4S03. A A Methylsulphonic acid Methyl sulphurous When the nitrogen and sulphur are bound directly to carbon, as is the case with the nitro-and sulphonic acid compounds, these elements remain bound to the carbon on reduction, and the oxygen which was in combination with them is replaced by hydrogen: N"CH3 gives H2N"CH3 + 2 H20, Jl Methylamine 0 0 HOSCH3 gives HSCH3 + 3 H20. x Methyl mer ft v cap tan. When, however, the binding is not direct but indirect, i.e., consists of a linking by oxygen, as is the case in the nitrous and sulphurous esters, the...